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Content

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Social Development is increasingly defined as an approach which attempts to put 鈥榩eople鈥� and social equity at the centre of development initiatives across all sectors. According to the Copenhagen Declaration , social development should encompass both social and economic policies 鈥溾��that empower people to maximize their capacities, resources and opportunities鈥�. However, the (rather vague) terminology of 鈥榩eople鈥� fails to reflect a reality made up of heterogeneous groups and individuals with multiple, intersecting and changing identities. Moreover, different groups and individuals may have conflicting interests and aspirations, and the relationships between them are characterised by unequal power.

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Therefore, putting people at the centre of development implies inherent tensions, and social development is confronted by key challenges in achieving equitable and socially just development. Promoting people鈥檚 participation and fostering equitable social change requires reflective practice and dialogue to negotiate development interventions.

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Part One of this module will explore the theoretical debates that link diverse social identities and power relations, and the competing models of equity and justice that attempt to reconcile them. It will then examine the implications of these theoretical debates for Social Development as a 鈥榩eople-centred鈥� approach through an examination of how issues of diversity and power affect development interventions. With a focus on the urban context, this part of the module will examine development practice and debates around 鈥榩articipation鈥�, 鈥榗ommunity鈥�, 鈥榣ocal knowledge鈥� from a social diversity perspective. Then, the module will review different approaches to development through the conceptual tools developed in previous sessions and open up a reflection on global inequalities and justice in the age of COVID-19 and ecological/climate crises, using an intersectional approach to issues of climate justice.

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Part two of the module deals with different understandings, definitions and ways of measuring poverty and inequality and takes a critical approach to measurement and metrics. Poverty is a key policy concern of the current development agenda and Part Two introduces students to the main ideas and institutions behind poverty concepts and measurements. The module will explore the relationship between inequality and poverty as interrelated but distinctive concerns. We will use conceptual tools relating to diversity and power to critically assess specific anti-poverty responses and approaches to local as well as global inequalities and explore what role measurement and indicators might play in influencing the experience they seek to measure. The module ends with reflections on what constitutes 鈥榬igour鈥� in measurement of poverty and inequality and how development practitioners can work with different data sources to support social objectives.

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Teaching delivery

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The module will be delivered through 18 two hour weekly classes (9 in term 1 and 9 in Term) which will be comprised of a mix of lectures, classroom discussions, group work and student presentations. Students will also be set reading and set group and individual tasks on Moodle to prepare for the weekly classes.

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Indicative topics

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Indicative topics based on module content in 2023/24, subject to possible changes include:

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Term 1 Social Development: Working with 鈥楶eople鈥�?; Diversity and Social Identities; Power and Agency;听 Equality and Social Justice; 5 Social Capital: Measuring the Social?; Whose knowledge? Participation & Local Knowledge; Participation, Intra-community Power Relations and intersectional participatory methods; Intersectional Justice: A consumption perspective on global ethics and in/equalities in the Age of COVID-19 and Ecological & Climate Crises; Intersectionality and climate change: intersectionality beyond the humans?

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Term 2 Diversity and Poverty; Poverty Measurements; Multidimensional Poverty Measurement: Dimensions, Weights, Cut-offs; Measuring and Understanding Inequality; Relational Approaches to Chronic Poverty, Inequality and Power and Cash transfers; Global Agenda SDGs Indicators for a Post-2015 Agenda: Data Revolution & New Measurements of Well-being ; Climate change, poverty and measurement; The Politics of Poverty Knowledge: Perspectives from the Margins; Drawing together the conclusions from the module and review of the key issues

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Module Objectives

By the end of this module, students should be able to:

• assess critically the current debates regarding theories, policies and practices of development in a context of social diversity.
• demonstrate a complex understanding of the relationship between power relations, poverty, and inequality.
• examine critically approaches to 鈥榩articipation鈥�, 鈥榗ommunity鈥�, 鈥榮ocial capital鈥�, 鈥榩overty reduction鈥� as used in development practice.
• apply an intersectional analysis to issues of justice in the era of pandemics, climate breakdown, and destructive consumerism.
• understand analytically different definitions and ways of measuring poverty and the implications on social policy
• evaluate a range of anti-poverty interventions in terms of the extent to which they effectively address issues related to diversity and inequality, particularly in urban contexts
• demonstrate an ability for immediate recall of core knowledge and topics covered in the module.

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Recommended readings

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Rigon, A. and Broto, V.C., 2021, 鈥業ntroduction鈥�, in鈥疪igon, A. and Broto, V.C. (eds.), Inclusive Urban Development in the Global South: Intersectionality, Inequalities, and Community. Routledge. London: Routledge.

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Grusky, D. B. and R. Kanbur, 2006, 'The Conceptual Foundations of Poverty and Inequality Measurements'. In Grusky, D. B. and R. Kanbur (Eds.) Poverty and inequality. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press.

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